El Niño Threatens India’s Hydropower Output as Electricity Demand Remains High

India’s power sector is facing increased pressure as strengthening El Niño conditions and a weak monsoon reduce hydropower generation. Hydroelectric output fell nearly 12% year-on-year through August 29, according to power ministry data, while rainfall in August was more than 16% below the long-term average.

Lower rainfall has reduced reservoir and river levels, while elevated temperatures have increased electricity use for irrigation. Power demand has remained strong, contributing to small evening shortages as solar generation declines. Hydropower generation is expected to fall for a fourth consecutive month, adding pressure on other power sources to meet demand.

Hydropower accounts for nearly 11% of India’s total electricity generation capacity, but its growth has remained slower than other clean-energy sources. With the monsoon expected to remain below normal and reservoirs under pressure, India’s power grid may continue to face challenges from weaker hydro supply and sustained electricity demand.

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